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Is it correct to speak of a victim paradigm and a victim-oriented criminal law? When discussing crimes and phenomena of victimization, which types of victims are actually being referred to? 

The article by Gregorio Valducci, published in the third issue of the 2025 volume of the Journal Studi sulla Questione Criminale, attempts to reflect on these questions. It appears, in fact, that the figures that become omnipresent in penal, media, and political discourse are primarily the “ideal victims,” based on Nils Christie’s well-known definition. Ideal victims are those figures who conform to specific sociocultural standards and to whom society is ready to grant recognition and justice, while at the same time excluding certain “real victims,” marginalized individuals perceived as outsiders and denied discursive agency. Restorative justice presents itself as an alternative paradigm capable of countering these dynamics, by valuing the experiences and needs of real people within a dialogical space protected from political and media exploitation. 

The full article can be read at the following link.